Daigoji Temple: Living Fossil of Japanese Buddhist Art

Daigoji Temple, an important temple of the Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism, is a renowned UNESCO World Heritage Site. This magnificent temple complex, located in southeast Kyoto, spans an entire mountainside, showcasing the essence of Japanese Buddhist architecture. The main temple grounds at the mountain’s base are connected to several buildings near the summit via winding hiking trails, creating a breathtaking tableau of harmony between nature and human creation.

Key Points About Daigoji:

• Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994
• Founded in the Heian period, with over 1100 years of history
• Home to Kyoto’s oldest surviving wooden structure – the five-storied pagoda
• Famous for its stunning cherry blossoms and autumn foliage
• Comprises two main areas: Shimo Daigo (Lower Daigo) and Kami Daigo (Upper Daigo)
• Offers unique mountain hiking and cultural exploration experiences
• Houses numerous National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties

Rich History and Glorious Heritage

Daigoji was founded in 897 by Shobo, a high priest of the Shingon sect. The temple’s name “Daigo” comes from a Buddhist term meaning “ultimate essence,” implying that the teachings here represent the highest form of Buddhist doctrine.

During the Heian period (794-1185), Daigoji enjoyed the patronage of the Imperial family and nobility, reaching a position of great prominence. It was particularly favored during the reign of Emperor Daigo (897-930), when the temple underwent significant expansion.

Despite periods of warfare during the Kamakura (1185-1333) and Muromachi (1336-1573) periods, Daigoji maintained its importance. In 1571, the temple suffered a major fire that destroyed most of its buildings.

However, Daigoji’s fortunes changed in 1598 when Toyotomi Hideyoshi held his famous cherry blossom viewing party here and ordered the temple’s reconstruction and expansion. This rebuilding established Daigoji’s current layout and made it a representative work of Momoyama culture.

Since the Edo period (1603-1867), Daigoji has undergone several minor renovations but largely maintained its late 16th-century appearance. In 1871, following the Meiji Restoration, Daigoji was designated as one of the head temples of the Shingon sect, further cementing its importance in Japanese Buddhism.

Main Attractions of Daigoji Temple

1. Sanboin

Sanboin, one of Daigoji’s core buildings, was originally constructed in 1115. The current structure and its garden date back to 1598, rebuilt and expanded for Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s famous cherry blossom viewing party.

• Architectural features: A outstanding example of Momoyama period architecture, blending Japanese and Chinese styles.
• Garden: Considered one of Japan’s most beautiful gardens, featuring both dry landscape and stroll garden styles.
• Cherry blossoms: The grounds are planted with various cherry tree species, creating a spectacular view in spring.
• Interior decor: Exquisite folding screen paintings and ceiling artwork showcase the pinnacle of traditional Japanese painting.

2. Five-storied Pagoda

Standing 38 meters tall and built in 951, this pagoda is the oldest wooden structure in Kyoto.

• Architectural features: Utilizes traditional Japanese building techniques to withstand earthquakes and strong winds.
• Historical significance: The only building to survive the great fire of 1571.
• Cultural value: Designated as a National Treasure, it represents the pinnacle of Japanese Buddhist architecture.
• Internal structure: Houses Buddha statues representing the five elements (earth, water, fire, wind, void).

3. Kondo Hall

The Kondo is Daigoji’s main hall, with the current building relocated here from another Kyoto temple in 1599.

• Main deity: Houses the temple’s primary object of worship – a seated statue of Yakushi Buddha (a National Treasure).
• Architectural style: Reflects the evolution of temple architecture from the Heian to Muromachi periods.
• Murals: Preserves valuable Buddhist wall paintings, showcasing traditional Japanese painting techniques.

4. Bentendo Hall

Located in the deepest part of the Shimo Daigo area, Bentendo Hall is beautifully situated against the backdrop of the mountains and facing a clear pond.

• Architectural features: A small, elegant octagonal structure embodying Japanese architectural aesthetics.
• Surrounding scenery: Beautiful in all seasons, particularly stunning during autumn foliage.
• Religious significance: Dedicated to Benzaiten, a deity associated with wisdom and the arts.

5. Reihokan Museum

The Reihokan is Daigoji’s treasure house, preserving and exhibiting the temple’s valuable artifacts.

• Collection highlights: Includes National Treasure-class Buddha statues, ancient scriptures, paintings, and crafts.
• Special exhibitions: Regularly holds themed exhibitions delving into Japanese Buddhist art and history.
• Cherry blossom spot: The weeping cherry trees in front of the museum are one of Kyoto’s famous cherry blossom viewing locations.

6. Kami Daigo

Kami Daigo, the original temple area located near the mountain summit, requires about an hour’s hike to reach.

• Natural scenery: The trail offers views of pristine forest landscapes and seasonal flora.
• Ancient structures: Buildings like Juntei-do (designated as an Important Cultural Property) preserve Heian period architectural styles.
• Observation points: On clear days, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the Kyoto basin and even see as far as Osaka.

Best Times to Visit

• Spring (late March to early April): Cherry blossom season, especially spectacular around Sanboin and Reihokan.
• Autumn (late October to late November): Fall foliage season, when the entire temple is enveloped in autumn colors.
• Winter (late December to February): Occasional snowfall creates a serene, silvery landscape.
• Summer (June to August): Although hot, the lush greenery and cool mountain air offer a refreshing experience.

Access Guide

From Kyoto Station:

1. Take the JR Nara Line to Yamashina Station (about 5 minutes, 190 yen)
2. Transfer to the Tozai Subway Line to Daigo Station (about 8 minutes, 260 yen)
3. From Daigo Station, walk about 15 minutes or take Community Bus No. 4 (210 yen, every 30 minutes) to Daigoji Temple

Direct bus option:

• Take Keihan Bus No. 301 from Kyoto Station (Hachijo Exit) directly to Daigoji Temple (about 30 minutes, 280 yen, 1-2 buses per hour)

Opening Hours and Admission Fees

Sanboin, Shimo Daigo, and Reihokan Museum (Lower Area):

• Hours: 9:00-17:00 (9:00-16:30 from early December to February)
• Last entry: 30 minutes before closing
• Admission:
• Regular season: 1000 yen (Sanboin and Shimo Daigo), 500 yen (Reihokan Museum)
• Spring special viewing period (March 20 to early May): 1500 yen (Sanboin, Shimo Daigo, and Reihokan Garden), 500 yen (Reihokan Museum)

Kami Daigo (Upper Area):

• Hours: Entry from 9:00-15:00 (until 14:00 from early December to February), must return to the base by 17:00
• Admission: 600 yen

Visitor Tips and Advice

1. Wear comfortable walking shoes, especially if planning to hike to Kami Daigo.
2. Arrive early during peak seasons (spring and autumn) to avoid crowds.
3. Bring sufficient water and snacks, particularly in summer and when hiking.
4. Maintain a respectful quiet, honoring the temple’s religious atmosphere.
5. Follow photography rules, as some areas may prohibit picture-taking.
6. Consider purchasing a combination ticket to save money, especially if visiting multiple areas.
7. Allow ample time to appreciate each attraction’s unique charm.
8. Consider hiring a guide for deeper insights into Daigoji’s history and cultural significance.

Official Website

Daigoji Temple Official Website

Conclusion

Daigoji Temple is not just an ancient Buddhist sanctuary but a destination that harmoniously blends natural beauty, traditional architecture, and the essence of Japanese culture. From its architectural artistry dating back to the Heian period to its ever-changing seasonal landscapes and rich collection of artifacts, Daigoji offers a unique charm. Whether you’re interested in history and culture or wish to experience the beauty of Japan’s four seasons, Daigoji promises an unforgettable experience. Embark on this journey through a thousand years of history, feel the essence of Japanese Buddhist art, and create precious memories. Every corner of Daigoji is sure to captivate you, offering a profound experience of the depth and elegance of Japanese culture.